Intended Use
For In Vitro Diagnostic Use
Summary and Explanation
T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin-domain Containing-3 (TIM-3), also known as Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene. TIM-3 is an immune checkpoint and together with other inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) mediate CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. TIM-3 expression is up-regulated in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in Lung, Gastric, Head & Neck Cancers, Schwannoma, Melanoma and Follicular B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. The TIM-3 pathway may interact with the PD-1 pathway in the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and Tregs in cancer. TIM-3 is mainly expressed on activated CD8+ T cells and suppresses macrophage activation following PD-1 inhibition.
Upregulation has been observed in tumors progressing after anti-PD-1 therapy. It has been reported that early breast cancer patients with TIM-3+ iTILs have significantly improved breast cancer-specific survival whereas TIM-3+ sTILs did not reach statistical significance and it was concluded that the presence of TIM-3+ iTILs is an independent favorable prognostic factor in the whole cohort as well as among ER negative patients. In myelogenous leukemia (AML), upregulated TIM-3 during AML could reduce cytokine production. Co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 was correlated with AML progression. In follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, TIM-3 was expressed on nearly 35% of lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and could mediate T-cells exhaustion. In glioma patients, TIM-3 was correlated with cancer immune escape and might be a potent target. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of TIM-3 could restrict T-cell responses and might participate in tumorigenesis. The expression of TIM-3 antibody might be an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer.
Synonyms: tim-3. tim3, anti-tim-3, anti-tim3, HAVCR2, anti-HAVCR2, CD366, anti-CD366, anti havcr2, anti cd366
